According to Wikipedia, a web based free encyclopedia, a Mortgage Calculator is “an automated tool that enables the user to quickly determine the financial implications of changes in one or more variables in a mortgage financing arrangement. The major variables include: loan principal balance, periodic interest rate, compound interest, number of payments per year, total number of payments and the regular payment amount”.

A mortgage calculator can be a very practical tool when buying a house. It’s not your typical calculator where you can resolve some mathematical equations. A mortgage calculator can give quick and reliable answers to the most savvy buyer. With this tool you can compare interest rates, costs, payment schedules and even play with the numbers, meaning, you can find out how much your monthly payment would be when you do a down payment/principal ratio equation and change the length of the loan by adding more dollars to your monthly payment.

How does a Mortgage Calculator work?

The equation to come up with numbers is not simple. I can write about it and try to explain, I’ve tried to understand it myself, and believe me it’s not an easy task. Why complicate yourself trying to come up with the numbers you need to make a decision on whether you can or you cannot afford the house you like? A mortgage calculator does all the work for you. The input information is key to determine your monthly payment. Mortgage calculators vary by manufacturer but most of them have a common denominator: the information you will need to provide, to come up with the results you are looking for.

For example: you will need to have a loan amount, an interest rate, the length of the mortgage and the home value. Added information that is also necessary is the following: annual taxes, annual insurance and annual PMI, short for private mortgage insurance. Now all of this information is very relevant when using a Mortgage calculator but the information that is essential in this process is the interest rate and the length of the loan. When you change this two variables, meaning you input a lower interest rate, then you will get a lower monthly payment. How much lower? well, that really depends on the amount of the loan.

I hope this information about Mortgage calculators is useful for you. Now the next question is, do you as a home buyer really need to have one or is this a tool more oriented to Real Estate Agents and Loan officers. Personally, I think the latter.

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You owe $50,000
Home value is : $100,000

50,000 / 100,000 = 50% LOAN TO VALUE (LTV)

Why will the bank take the risk to lend you the money?

First of all, we all know that the only reason banks are in business is because people need money. So banks are in the business to lend money and not just to protect your money in a bank account.
Think about it: if you have a bank account all you get in return for depositing your money there is 1.5%. In most cases the bank will not even charge anything to keep your account active. Have you ever wonder why banks don’t charge you for this service? Financial institutions will not charge because they are using your money to lend other people for a much higher interest rate. For example: You deposited in your bank account $10,000 and the bank offered you 1.5% APR (Annual Percentage Rate) that is $150 that you have made in a year to have your money in their bank. Now the bank will take your $10,000 and will lend it to your neighbor across the street for an APR of 14% to 29%. In dollars we are looking at the bank profiting from your money anywhere from $1,400 to $2,900 a year. What do you think, are banks in the wrong business?

How do mortgage lenders qualify homeowners to a home equity loan, HELOC?

First of all, we already know that the banks will calculate the LTV (loan to value) and make sure the LTV is as low as it can get, the lower the LTV the better deal it is for the mortgage lender.
The second step the bank will take is to look at your credit. Since home equity loans have higher risk for the banks because they are in second position they would want to make sure that you intent to pay the loan back and not default on the loan eventually. Good credit for banks is not necessarily 750 and above Fico score, you can have a lower fico score such as 680 or 650 and sill qualify for a home equity loan. Mortgage lenders are looking for stability in payments and spending. If you have good history in spending and paying back creditors and mortgage lenders you will qualify.
Alsothe interest rate that you get will depend on your credit score. The third step, in my opinion, is the most important one, which is that the main requisite to get approved for any loan is your income. Mortgage lenders want to know that you will pay back the loan and the interest. So if your income is high enough to pay back the loan and pay some other debt you might have, plus some expenses, then you will qualify for a home equity loan.

How do mortgage lenders calculate if your income is good enough to qualify?

In order for mortgage lenders to qualify your income to support the loan they will calculate the Debt to income ratio also known as (DTI). Mortgage lenders will look at all your expenses and divide it by your income then they will know if you can qualify for the home equity loan. For example: Your expenses are $2,000 every month, including credit cards debt, home mortgage, auto loan, personal loan and some other expenses you have. Your total income is $6,000 a month. What they do is: they take your expenses $2,000 and divided it by your income $6,000.

Monthly debt is $2,000
Monthly Income is $6,000

$2.000 / $6,000 = 33% (DTI)

I believe that 33% is a good deal to the bank, they know that you have enough cushion to repay their home equity loan so you are fine. Most mortgage lenders will require at least 45% DTI.
Why you should consider a Home equity Loan, HELOC?

I think that I should ask you the same question. You are a homeowner and there was a reason why you chose to become own a home. Yes owning a home is what society sees as the “American Dream” but also to invest in yourself rather than paying someone else’s investments. Now that you’re a homeowner you really don’t need to have many credit cards just to have some spending money. Credit cards interest rates are too high and they will lead you to a much bigger debt than you even know. Credit cards interest rates are as high as 33% and your home equity loan will not exceed 8% these days. For example: you used your credit card and spend $5,000 with an interest rate of 33% and on your neighbor accross the street took a loan for the same amount of money, but he used his home by getting a home equity loan with an interest rate of 8%.
Here are the two scenarios: you will have to pay back $5,000 + $1,650 (33%) = $6,650 in total and your neighbor will pay back $5,000 + $400 (8%) = $5,400. Your neighbor saved $1,250 because he used his home to get the money at a lower interest rate. If you want to save money and enjoy your home equity do it, but always remember to get a good interest rate and not settle for less then what you desrve.

Scenario No 1.

Loan Amount $5,000
Interest Rate 33% (1,650)
Total Payback Amount $6.650

Scenario No. 2

Loan Amount $5,000
Interest Rate 8% (400)
Total Payback Amount $5,400

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Most “no cost mortgage” loan programs are designed the same way: the interest rate of your loan is increased to cover the costs associated with your mortgage. There are a select few mortgages that have very little costs associated with them: these are home equity lines of credit – or HELOCS. Often you can get these little or no cost loans at your local credit union or small community bank. Additionally, these loans typically only allow you borrow up to about 90% of your home’s value. Credit Unions are small enough that they perhaps can offer to pay some of your costs as a courtesy to earn your business. The larger banks simply cannot pay or give you these costs for free or it would set them back a few dollars.

With these small second mortgages and HELOCS aside, the rest of the mortgage market is primarily made up of larger first mortgages. As I previously stated, these mortgages have costs associated with them such as: paying a processor to process your loan, the cost for an appraisal, the underwriter, the title insurance policy, your credit report, tax and insurance escrows, and of course the money that your loan officer makes in commission. All of these fees in one form or another get paid, and guess who pays them? That’s right, you do. You will pay these fees one way or another.

So what is the catch to this type of advertising? As I previous pointed out, the mortgage company charges you a higher interest rate. If you are paying a higher interest rate, then your monthly payment is higher. So your higher payment month after month pays your closing costs over time. Now, this is not necessarily a bad thing if you know what you are getting into. Where I have a beef with this type of advertising is that it is not telling you the whole truth. You do have closing costs and the mortgage company is charging you a higher interest rate to compensate for those fees – and they do not tell you this in the advertising. They lead you down some fantasy of a no cost mortgage, or a free mortgage, and ultimately charge you a higher interest rate than you would normally get if you paid your costs either with your loan proceeds in a refinance or out of your pocket in a purchase mortgage. The misleading advertising got you to call them.

Initially, this loan can be good if you are low on cash. Hey, it is not a bad loan in the short term. Let’s just say that the interest rate that they charge you increases your monthly payment $150 a month for a no cost mortgage. After 30 months, or 2.5 years you have paid $4,500 extra. What if that was the amount of your closing costs when you first got the deal? Well, for the first 30 months you saved money and were better off. However, once you hit month 31, you are now paying more for your mortgage’s closing costs than you would have if you had paid them up front when you got the mortgage.

Another thing to be careful about with this type of mortgage is that it is very easy for a mortgage company to charge you more than might have been able to charge you because their profit is made in the interest rate and in the slightly higher interest rates. With this said, it is hard to tell how much a mortgage company makes on your loan given your payment increases slightly over what you could have been paying if you had paid your own closing costs.

So, the next time you hear of this kind of mortgage program, make sure you ask about the difference in your monthly payment between paying your own closing costs, or for paying a higher interest rate. If you know you are only going to be in the home for a few years and then you are going to sell the home, then a no closing cost mortgage might good for you. If you are planning on staying longer and you know you are going to refinance in the near future, then this loan might be good for you too. But, if you do not want to refinance in the future, or be forced to have to refinance to get out of a no cost mortgage when it starts costing you money then the no cost mortgage probably is not right for you. Make sure you take a look at all your options. Do not let a slick mortgage person tell you that this loan saves you money – as this is not necessarily the case.

For mortgage home loan, real estate financing, and credit information

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If you aren’t familiar with the term, a bi-weekly mortgage is a payment plan which allows you to make a partial payment on your mortgage every two weeks. It’s not an actual mortgage loan, but instead is a service which will help you to pay off your mortgage faster than you would be able to by simply making your standard payments each month. There are a number of pros and cons associated with bi-weekly mortgage services, and you should stop and consider some of these in order to make sure that a bi-weekly mortgage plan meets your financial needs.

How Bi-Weekly Mortgages Work

When you’re using your standard mortgage payment plan, you’re making one payment every month for a total of 12 payments per year. With a bi-weekly mortgage plan, however, you’re making a payment equal to one half of your current payment every two weeks… this equals out to 26 half-payments over the course of a year. A bi-weekly mortgage essentially allows you to make one extra full payment each year, taking a full month off of your repayment schedule every year that you’re using the bi-weekly mortgage plan. Even though you have to pay a service charge to the company offering the bi-weekly mortgage service, the savings that you receive in interest works out so that you still save money even with the added fees.

Advantages of a Bi-Weekly Mortgage

Obviously, the biggest advantage to a bi-weekly mortgage plan is the fact that you can pay off your mortgage early and save a significant amount of money on the interest that you have to pay. For most homeowners, this savings will be quite significant as they will be able to pay their mortgage off as much as two or three years early. Since the individual payments are lower than they would be if you were paying the full amount once per month, bi-weekly mortgage payments can also be much easier to fit into your budget. Many companies who offer bi-weekly payment services will let you tailor your payment due dates so that they best fit your income, letting you make payments when you get paid.

Disadvantages of a Bi-Weekly Mortgage

While bi-weekly mortgage payments may sound wonderful, there are some drawbacks associated with them as well. Probably the most important of these is the fact that even though you’re making your payments to the service provider, you are still the one who is responsible for your mortgage. The service provider isn’t a lender and doesn’t have any sort of influence or control over your mortgage itself. They only make your mortgage payments once per month, just like you would; in the unlikely event that there’s some problem in processing the payment, you may be required to pay it out-of-pocket while the problem is sorted out or risk receiving late fees or an interest rate increase for a late payment.

Another main drawback to bi-weekly mortgages is that the service which these companies offer isn’t anything that you couldn’t do by yourself with proper budgeting. When it comes down to it, if you have the self-control to structure your budget similar to making bi-weekly payments you could actually save significantly more by doing it yourself than you would through one of these services. You will save more because the service will charge you a transaction fee for each time they process one of your payments (in some cases you may have a fee for each time that they receive a payment from you via direct deposit, for each time that they make a payment, and an additional fee for account maintenance.) Depending on how you budget your finances, you may also be able to pay off your mortgage even faster than you would through a payment service by simply setting aside slightly more than one half of your monthly payment every two weeks. This only applies if you budget your money, of course.

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One-year constant maturity treasury securities (CMT)
Cost of Funds Index (COFI)
London Interbank Offered Rate (LIBOR)
A lending institution’s own costs of funds.

The mortgage payment that you pay will thusly change, either up or down, to ensure a steady margin for the lending institution.

For many people who are looking at mortgages, the adjustable rate mortgage can seem like a great idea, however there are many pros and cons to an adjustable rate mortgage – items that need to be weighed over the short and long term to decide whether an adjustable rate mortgage is right for you or not.

The Pros of an Adjustable Rate Mortgage

The initial interest rate on an adjustable rate mortgage looks great on paper. Most often, the adjustable rate mortgage inserts rate is much lower than a fixed rate mortgage, which also means that the payment is lower. As a borrower, this lower interest rate can also mean that they can qualify for a higher loan amount if the lender is willing to base their ability to pay on the initial monthly payment amount. It’s important to do some research on the interest rates and see where they are sitting at in comparison to the six months to a year prior.

An adjustable rate mortgage is a good idea for people who only plan on staying in a house for a few years – from three to five years. Taking advantage of the lower interest rate that accompanies an adjustable rate mortgage is a good idea in this case. It means that you will ‘pay less’ for the home that you will be living in over the period of the three to five years, and gain more in equity in your home.

The Cons of an Adjustable Rate Mortgage

The biggest issue with an adjustable rate mortgage is that the interest rate will rise and thusly, so will your monthly mortgage payments. You have to decide whether the gamble is worth it or not. If you are looking at getting a raise in the next year from your job, then you may be able to handle an increase in your mortgage payments.

Some of the adjustable rate mortgages that are offered by lending institutions have a prepayment penalty, which you incur if you pay the mortgage off early. By having this prepayment penalty, you could be opening yourself up to a lot of strife – having a prepayment penalty on your mortgage contract is never a good idea because you simply just do not know what the future will bring.

You must also consider the payment cap. A payment cap sounds great – your mortgage payment can not go above “x” amount of dollars, however, that doesn’t mean that the interest charge is capped. If the interest rate raises high enough that you go over your payment cap, the lender adds the interest to your mortgage debt, which then finds you in the position of paying interest on the interest. This can translate to you paying much more for your home than you did when you bought it – this is called negative amortization. Many lenders have a cap on negative amortization that you can have, and if you reach that point, your payment cap goes out the window and your mortgage’s monthly payments are adjusted to begin repaying the negative amortization debt.

Factors that can go either way

There are a few factors of adjustable rate mortgages that can fall on either side of the pro/con debate. Due to the fact that there are many different types of adjustable rate mortgages available from different lenders, it’s important that you research the adjustable rate mortgage and find out whether it is right for you. Some of the ‘ambiguous’ factors that you have to consider can make or break the decision to go with an adjustable rate mortgage.

One of the first things you need to consider is the lifetime interest rate cap on the mortgage. This is the maximum amount that the interest rate can raise through the period of the mortgage. There are also the periodic adjustment caps that limit the amount that your mortgage interest rate can raise from one adjustment period to the next. The law states that adjustable rate mortgages have some type of lifetime cap.

Most lenders use one of the index rates to base their interest rates on. The index rates change and fluctuate with the movement of the economy. To determine the interest rate that you will be charged, the lender adds a margin (profit percentage) to the index rate. The margin that the lender will add is also important – it determines your future interest rates with an adjustable rate mortgage. The margin is different from lender to lender, so it’s important to find out what the margin is.

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Mortgage backed securities are securities that are backed by the principle and interest payments on a group of mortgage loans. Lenders group together mortgages and the money that is repaid by the borrowers’ pays investors in the mortgage backed securities.

Why Do Mortgage Lenders Issue Mortgage Backed Securities?

There are a variety of reasons that lending institutions issue mortgage backed securities rather than holding the mortgage themselves. Most lenders have a limited amount of liquid assets. By selling mortgages they are able to free up money in the short term to make additional loans.

Another reason that mortgage lenders sell off their loans as mortgage backed securities is to minimize their risk. Although every effort is made to establish the creditworthiness of an individual before a loan is made, circumstances can change. If a borrower defaults on his mortgage, the lender will have unplanned for expenses just in dealing with repossession and selling of the property. Adding in the lost principal and interest, and a small, local lender could find themselves in a financial mess very quickly.

When a lender sells a mortgage as a mortgage backed security, they receive their money up front, both the loaned amount and a percentage of the loan as their fee. The investors in a mortgage backed security then receive income each month, as the borrower pays back the principal plus interest on his loan.

Types of Mortgage Backed Securities

There are a variety of mortgage backed securities. The majority of mortgage backed securities are issued by the Government National Mortgage Association, otherwise known as Ginnie Mae, the Federal National Mortgage Association, or Fannie Mae, and the Federal Loan Mortgage Company, or Freddie Mac. These are all groups sponsored by the federal government. While Ginnie Mae is backed by the full faith and credit of the government, and guarantees its investors that they will receive their payments, both Fannie Mae and Freddie Mac have the authority to borrow from the Treasury, which makes them relatively safe investments as well.

In addition to the government agencies, brokerage firms and banks often offer mortgage backed securities. These are known as private-label securities.

Are Mortgage Backed Securities Risky?

Mortgage backed securities are not generally considered a risky investment. To obtain a mortgage, the borrower must go through a qualification process that assures the bank or lending institution that the loan will be paid back. The group who sets up the mortgage backed security will then group mortgages together in order to sell. By pooling the mortgages together, the risk to the investor is minimized. One borrower, who defaults on a loan, or, conversely, pays the loan off early, depriving the group of years of interest payments, will have less of an effect when he is a member of a large group. The same borrow, particularly one who defaults on a mortgage, can cause a real financial shock to a small lending institution.

Do Mortgage Backed Securities Make a Good Investment?

All investment decisions are extremely personal, and will depend on your personal needs. Decisions on investments are best made with help from a financial advisor. For someone who would like a monthly income, a mortgage backed security can make a good choice. A mortgage backed security, particularly one sold by Freddie Mac, Fannie Mae, or Ginnie Mae, can be excellent investment vehicles. In general, the greater the amount of loans held in a mortgage backed security, the safer the investment, because the risk is spread over more people.

Before investing in a mortgage backed security, you should find out your expected rate of return. While this can vary, it is nice to know what investors have been receiving. Remember, it is not only loan defaults that can affect your income from a mortgage backed security, but also prepayments and principal only payments. The income from the security is figured on full payment of both principal and interest over the life of the mortgage, typically 15 or 30 years. Any action taken by anyone holding a mortgage in the security can affect your income. It is important to be clear about this with the person you purchase the security from.

Mortgage backed securities are an excellent development for borrowers, lenders, and investors. No matter what group you are in, it is important to understand exactly how they work and what you can expect. By doing that, you are better able to make a wise financial decision.

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Why are there so many types of mortgages?

There are various types of mortgages such as repayment, interest only, endowments and bad credit mortgages. Depending on your circumstances you will get a mortgage to suit yourself. There is no right or wrong mortgage and what is good for one person is bad for another, it is down to the individual to decide what is the best for them.

Different types of mortgages

There are many different kinds of mortgages and here are some of them on the market..

• 100% mortgage – these are mortgages where the lender gives the borrower the entire amount of the house, this is good if you have no money to put down. As well as 100% mortgages there are also 75%, 80% and 90% ones. The plus points of a 100% mortgage is that you don’t need to provide a deposit, however as you are borrowing 100% of the cost of the house you may find that the repayment term is longer and the payments are higher.

• Capped – this is where the monthly mortgage amount is capped at a certain price. If the interest goes above this price you will still only pay the capped amount, and if it falls you pay less. A capped mortgage is a very good if you want to know exactly how much you will be paying for your mortgage each month. However, there are not many lenders who will offer this type of mortgage.

• Endowment mortgages – this type of mortgage pays off the interest on the loan and is supposed to pay out a lump sum at the end of the loan period which should be enough to pay off the outstanding balance. Unfortunately this rarely happens and as a result these are not very popular today.

• Repayment mortgages – these are one of the most popular kinds of mortgage. With a repayment mortgage the interest and capital is paid off with a person’s monthly mortgage payments. This means that at the end of the loan the house being mortgaged will belong to the person who has taken out the mortgage. Repayment mortgages are ideal if you want to pay off your mortgage in full within a given timescale. Payments on these however can be higher than other mortgages.

• Bad credit, or sub prime mortgages – if a person has a bad credit score such mortgages may be their only option. Sub prime mortgages are becoming more commonplace today as the number of people with a bad credit score is increasing. Plus points for bad credit or sub prime mortgages are that they enable people who may have had a difficult time financially get on the property ladder. As a result though the payments will be high and so will the interest rate as borrowers are classed as being a risk. If the payments are made on time it is possible after a while to switch to a better mortgage.

With so many types of mortgages available it really is wise to do as much research into them as possible before opting for any particular one.

Jason Jones is a mortgage advisor with Go Direct. All mortgages and remortgages arranged through Go Direct’s online mortgage tools, will get you up to

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